1 Inganda zihindagurika hamwe ninganda zikora mugihe gito, kandi igihe kirekire cyinjira cyinjira gitera imbere kuzamuka kwinshi
（1 chain Urunigi rwinganda nisosiyete ifitanye isano
Uruganda rwa Laser: Urwego rwo hejuru rwurunigi rwa laser ni chip ya laser nibikoresho bya optoelectronic bikozwe mubikoresho bya semiconductor, ibikoresho byo murwego rwohejuru hamwe nibindi bikoresho bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa, bikaba aribyo nkingi y’inganda za laser.
Hagati yuruhererekane rwinganda, hejuru ya laser chip hamwe nibikoresho bya optoelectronic, modules, ibikoresho bya optique, nibindi bikoreshwa mugukora no kugurisha ubwoko bwose bwa laseri; Inzira yo hasi ni ibikoresho bya laser bihuza, ibicuruzwa byayo bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byiterambere, ubuzima bwubuvuzi, ubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, gukoresha amamodoka, ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru, itumanaho rya optique, ububiko bwa optique nibindi byinshi.
Amateka yiterambere ryinganda za laser:
Mu 1917, Einstein yashyize ahagaragara igitekerezo cy'imirasire ikangura, kandi tekinoroji ya laser yagiye ikura buhoro buhoro mubitekerezo mumyaka 40 iri imbere;
Mu 1960, havutse laser ya mbere ya ruby. Nyuma yibyo, ubwoko bwose bwa laseri bwagaragaye nyuma yizindi, kandi inganda zinjiye murwego rwo kwagura porogaramu;
Nyuma yikinyejana cya 20, inganda za laser zinjiye mu cyiciro cyiterambere ryihuse. Raporo ivuga ku iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha Laser mu Bushinwa, ingano y’isoko ry’ibikoresho bya lazeri y’Ubushinwa yavuye kuri miliyari 9.7 igera kuri miliyari 69.2 kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2020, CAGR igera kuri 21.7%.
（2） Mugihe gito, ihindagurika ninzinguzingo yo gukora. Mu gihe kirekire, igipimo cyo kwinjira cyiyongera kandi porogaramu nshya ziraguka
1. Inganda za laser zikwirakwizwa cyane hepfo kandi zihindagurika ninganda zikora mugihe gito
Iterambere ryigihe gito ryinganda za laser rifitanye isano cyane ninganda zikora.
Isabwa ry'ibikoresho bya lazeri rituruka kumafaranga yakoreshejwe mu mishinga yo hasi, ibyo bikaba biterwa nubushobozi nubushake bwibigo byo gukoresha igishoro. Ibintu byihariye bigira uruhare runini harimo inyungu zumushinga, gukoresha ubushobozi, ibidukikije biterwa inkunga ninganda, hamwe nibiteganijwe ejo hazaza h'inganda.
Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho bya laser ni ibikoresho bisanzwe-bigamije rusange, bikwirakwizwa cyane mu binyabiziga, ibyuma, peteroli, kubaka ubwato n’inganda zindi zimanuka. Iterambere rusange ryinganda za laser rifitanye isano cyane ninganda zikora.
Urebye ihindagurika ry’amateka mu nganda, inganda za lazeri zagize ibyiciro bibiri by’iterambere rikomeye kuva mu 2009 kugeza 2010, Q2, 2017, Q1 kugeza 2018, ahanini bifitanye isano n’inganda zikora inganda n’ibihe byanyuma byo guhanga udushya.
Kugeza ubu, inganda zikora inganda ziri mu rwego rwo hejuru, kugurisha ama robo y’inganda, ibikoresho byo gukata ibyuma, nibindi bikomeza kuba ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi inganda za lazeri ziri mu gihe gikenewe cyane.
2. Kwemererwa kwiyongera no kwagura porogaramu nshya mugihe kirekire
Gutunganya lazeri bifite ibyiza bigaragara mugutunganya neza nubuziranenge, kandi guhindura no kuzamura inganda zinganda biteza imbere inganda. Gutunganya lazeri nugushira lazeri kubintu bigomba gutunganywa, kugirango ikintu gishobore gushyuha, gushonga cyangwa guhumeka, kugirango ugere kubikorwa byo gutunganya.
Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo gutunganya, gutunganya laser bifite ibyiza bitatu byingenzi:
(1) Inzira yo gutunganya laser irashobora kugenzurwa na software;
(2) Ubusobanuro bwo gutunganya laser ni hejuru cyane;
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Gutunganya lazeri byerekana ibyiza bigaragara mugutunganya neza, gutunganya ingaruka, nibindi, kandi bihuye nicyerekezo rusange cyinganda zubwenge. Guhindura no kuzamura inganda zikora biteza imbere gusimbuza optique yo gutunganya gakondo.
（3 technology Ikoranabuhanga rya Laser hamwe niterambere ryinganda
Ihame rya Laser luminescence:
Laser bivuga icyerekezo cyegeranijwe, monochromatique kandi gihuza icyerekezo cyerekanwe n'umurongo muto wa optique yumurongo wa radiyo ukoresheje gukusanya ibitekerezo hamwe no gukwirakwiza imirasire.
Lazeri nigikoresho cyibanze cyo kubyara laser, igizwe ahanini nibice bitatu: isoko ishimishije, ikora hagati na resonant cavity. Iyo ukora, isoko yo kwishima ikora muburyo bukora, bigatuma ibice byinshi muburyo bushimishije bwurwego rwingufu nyinshi, bigakora ihinduka ryimibare. Nyuma yibyabaye kuri foton, urwego rwo hejuru rwingufu zijya murwego rwo hasi rwingufu, kandi rusohora umubare munini wa fotone isa na fotone yibyabaye.
Fotone ifite icyerekezo cyogukwirakwiza giturutse kumurongo uhinduranya wa cavite izahunga ikava mu cyuho, mugihe fotone ifite icyerekezo kimwe izagenda isubira inyuma mu cyuho, bigatuma inzira yimishwarara ikomeza kandi ikora urumuri rwa laser.
Uburyo bukoreshwa:
Nanone byitwa inyungu ziciriritse, bivuga ibintu bikoreshwa mugutahura umubare wimibare ihindagurika no kubyara ingaruka ziterwa nimirasire yumuriro. Igikoresho gikora kigena uburebure bwa lazeri lazeri ishobora kumurika. Ukurikije imiterere itandukanye, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bikomeye (kristu, ikirahure), gaze (gaze ya atome, gaze ioni, gaze ya molekile), semiconductor, amazi nibindi bitangazamakuru.
Inkomoko ya pompe:
Kangura uburyo bukora hanyuma usunike ibice byakoreshwaga biva mubutaka kugeza kurwego rwo hejuru kugirango umenye ihinduka ryimibare. Urebye ingufu, inzira yo kuvoma ni inzira isi yo hanze itanga ingufu (nkumucyo, amashanyarazi, chimie, ingufu zubushyuhe, nibindi) kuri sisitemu ya selile.
Irashobora kugabanywa mubyishimo bya optique, kubyuka gasi, uburyo bwa chimique, ingufu za kirimbuzi, nibindi.
Umuyoboro wa resonant:
Byoroheje optique resonator nugushira neza indorerwamo ebyiri ndende zerekana ibintu kumpande zombi zikora, imwe murirwo ni indorerwamo yuzuye, yerekana urumuri rwose rusubira murwego rwo gukomeza kwongerwaho imbaraga; Ibindi ni igice cyerekana kandi igice cyogukwirakwiza nkigisohoka indorerwamo. Ukurikije niba imbibi zuruhande zishobora kwirengagizwa, resonator igabanijwemo umwobo ufunguye, umwobo ufunze hamwe na gaze ya gazi ya gazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-08-2022