Ma Xinqiang, umuyobozi w’ikoranabuhanga rya Huagong akaba n’umudepite muri Kongere y’igihugu, aherutse kwakira ikiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru anatanga ibitekerezo by’iterambere ry’iterambere ryiza ry’inganda z’ibikoresho bya laser mu gihugu cyanjye.
Ma Xinqiang yavuze ko ikoranabuhanga rya laser rikoreshwa cyane mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu, ririmo inganda n’inganda, itumanaho, gutunganya amakuru, ubuvuzi n’ubuvuzi, kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, ikirere n’izindi nzego, kandi ni ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi rishyigikira u iterambere ryinganda zohejuru zuzuye.Mu 2022, igurishwa rusange ry’ibikoresho by’ibikoresho bya laser mu gihugu cyanjye bizagera kuri 61.4% by’amafaranga yinjira ku isoko ry’ibikoresho bya laser ku isi.Biteganijwe ko kugurisha isoko ry’ibikoresho bya laser mu gihugu cyanjye bizagera kuri miliyari 92.8 mu mwaka wa 2023, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 6.7%.
igihugu cyanjye kibaye isoko nini ya laser yinganda kwisi kugeza ubu.Mu mpera za 2022, mu Bushinwa hazaba hari amasosiyete arenga 200 ya laser arenze ubunini bwagenwe mu Bushinwa, umubare w’ibigo bitunganya ibikoresho bya lazeri bizarenga 1.000, kandi umubare w’abakozi b’inganda za laser uzarenga ibihumbi magana.Nyamara, impanuka z'umutekano wa lazeri zabaye kenshi mumyaka yashize, cyane cyane zirimo: gutwika retina, gukomeretsa amaso, gutwika uruhu, umuriro, ingaruka ziterwa na fotokome, ibyangiza umukungugu, hamwe n’amashanyarazi.Nk’uko imibare ifatika ibigaragaza, ibyangiritse cyane byatewe na lazeri ku mubiri w'umuntu ni amaso, kandi ingaruka zo kwangirika kwa lazeri ku jisho ry'umuntu ntizisubirwaho, hagakurikiraho uruhu, rufite 80% by'ibyangiritse.
Ku rwego rw'amategeko n'amabwiriza, Umuryango w'abibumbye wasohoye amasezerano yo kubuza intwaro za Laser guhuma.Kuva muri Gashyantare 2011, ibihugu / uturere 99 harimo na Amerika byashyize umukono kuri aya masezerano.Amerika ifite "Ikigo cy’ibikoresho n’ubuzima bwa Radiologiya (CDRH)", "Icyemezo cyo Kuburira Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga 95-04 ″, Kanada ifite" Itegeko ry’ibikoresho byangiza imirasire ", naho Ubwongereza bufite" Amabwiriza rusange y’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa 2005 ″, Nibindi, ariko igihugu cyanjye ntigifite umutekano wa laser amabwiriza yubuyobozi.Byongeye kandi, ibihugu byateye imbere nku Burayi na Amerika birasaba abakora lazeri guhabwa amahugurwa yumutekano wa laser buri myaka ibiri.Igihugu cyanjye “Repubulika y’Ubushinwa Amategeko y’imyuga y’imyuga” ateganya ko abakozi bakora imirimo ya tekiniki bashakishwa n’inganda bagomba kwiga inyigisho z’umutekano n’amahugurwa ya tekiniki mbere yo gutangira akazi.Ariko, mubushinwa nta poste ishinzwe umutekano wa laser mu Bushinwa, kandi amasosiyete menshi ya laser ntabwo yashyizeho uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano wa laser, kandi akenshi birengagiza amahugurwa yo kurinda umuntu.
Ku rwego rusanzwe, igihugu cyanjye cyasohoye igipimo cyasabwe na “Optical Radiation Safety Laser Specifications” mu mwaka wa 2012. Nyuma yimyaka icumi, itegeko ryateganijwe ryatanzwe kandi ricungwa na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, maze rihabwa komite y’igihugu ishinzwe tekinike kuri Umutekano wumuriro mwiza hamwe nibikoresho bya Laser kugirango ubishyire mubikorwa., yarangije umushinga wo kugisha inama.Nyuma yo gushyiraho ibipimo byateganijwe, nta mabwiriza yubuyobozi ajyanye n’umutekano wa lazeri, nta kugenzura no kugenzura no kubahiriza amategeko y’ubuyobozi, kandi biragoye gushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa bisanzwe.Muri icyo gihe, nubwo "Itegeko rigenga ubuziranenge bwa Repubulika y’Ubushinwa" ryavuguruwe mu mwaka wa 2018 ryashimangiye imiyoborere ihuriweho n’ibipimo ngenderwaho, kugeza ubu ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe kugenzura amasoko ni bwo bwonyine bwatanze “Ingamba z’imicungire y’imicungire y’igihugu” guteganya uburyo bwo gushyiraho amahame ateganijwe, kuyashyira mu bikorwa no kugenzura, ariko kubera ko ari amabwiriza agenga ishami, amategeko yayo ni make.
Mubyongeyeho, kurwego rwubuyobozi, ibikoresho bya lazeri, cyane cyane ibikoresho bya laser bifite ingufu nyinshi, ntabwo bishyirwa mubitabo by’ibanze by’inganda n’ibicuruzwa by’inganda.
Ma Xinqiang yavuze ko uko ibikoresho bya lazeri bikomeje kugenda bigera ku ntera ya watt 10,000 ndetse no hejuru, kuko umubare w’abakora ibikoresho bya laser, ibicuruzwa bya laser, n’abakoresha ibikoresho bya laser uziyongera, umubare w’impanuka z’umutekano wa laser uzagenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro.Gukoresha neza urumuri rwumucyo ningirakamaro kubigo byombi bya laser hamwe namasosiyete akoresha.Umutekano niwo murongo wo hasi witerambere ryiza-ryiza ryinganda za laser.Birihutirwa kunoza amategeko yumutekano wa lazeri, kubahiriza amategeko yubutegetsi, no gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha laser.
Yasabye ko Inama y’igihugu igomba gushyiraho ingamba zijyanye n’ubuyobozi kugira ngo hashyizweho ibipimo ngenderwaho byihuse, hasobanurwe aho ibipimo ngenderwaho byateganijwe, inzira zishyirwaho, ishyirwa mu bikorwa n’ubugenzuzi, n’ibindi, kugira ngo bitange ubufasha mu by'amategeko kugira ngo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amahame ateganijwe neza; .
Icya kabiri, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bushinzwe kugenzura amasoko n’izindi nzego bireba baganiriye byimazeyo gutanga ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu by’umutekano w’imirasire ya optique vuba bishoboka.Gukurikiza amategeko, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusesengura no gutanga raporo y'ibarurishamibare hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo ngenderwaho, gushimangira ibitekerezo nyabyo no gukomeza kunoza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amabwiriza.
Icya gatatu, gushimangira iyubakwa ryitsinda ryimpano zipima umutekano wa laser, kongera kumenyekanisha no gushyira mubikorwa amahame ateganijwe kuva guverinoma kugeza ishyirahamwe kugeza mubigo, no kunoza uburyo bwo gushyigikira imiyoborere.
Hanyuma, hamwe n’imikorere y’amategeko y’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika, hashyizweho amabwiriza y’ubutegetsi nka “Laser Products Safety Amabwiriza” kugira ngo asobanure neza inshingano z’umutekano z’amasosiyete akora inganda n’amasosiyete akoresha, anatanga ubuyobozi n’imbogamizi mu iyubakwa ry’imyubakire. amasosiyete ya laser hamwe namasosiyete akoresha laser.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-07-2023